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        1 - A review of the assessment and management of the ecological risk of invasive plants
        ساجده مدنی mokarram ravanbakhsh مریم پناهنده
        Due to the increase in human activities, the destructive impact on the environment is not limited to a particular region of the world. Including the destructive impacts are entering non-native plant species around the world that during the 200 years ago with the spread More
        Due to the increase in human activities, the destructive impact on the environment is not limited to a particular region of the world. Including the destructive impacts are entering non-native plant species around the world that during the 200 years ago with the spread of agriculture, increase the exchange of goods, increased human activities as well as increasing environmental destruction, it's increasing. Although only a limited number of non-native species can be invasive, the negative effects of these species on natural and crop communities, human and animal health, and the changing ecosystem characteristics are so high that the research process is constantly expanding in this regard. One of the damages, which has received considerable attention in recent years, is the problem of the introduction of non-native (invasive) plant species into natural ecosystems, but not all non-native species are harmful. Sometimes non-native species are well absorbed by the ecosystem and positioned like native species. But invasive species are species that are not native ecosystems, and their entry causes economic, environmental or human health damage. In this study, the ecological risk assessment of aggressive plants will be provided and suitable strategies for controlling entry and risk reduction will be presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Development process on regional risk assessment
        ساجده مدنی mokarram ravanbakhsh مریم پناهنده
        EcoRA, which is aimed at appraising a wide range of undesirable impacts on ecosystems exposed to a possible eco-environmental hazard, has been highly recommended for environmental decision-making. In this paper reviews the development history of ecological risk assessme More
        EcoRA, which is aimed at appraising a wide range of undesirable impacts on ecosystems exposed to a possible eco-environmental hazard, has been highly recommended for environmental decision-making. In this paper reviews the development history of ecological risk assessment (EcoRA) and presents a perspective for EcoRA and management. In addition, regional EcoRA needs to make further efforts, especially in theoretical study, uncertainty analysis, integrated use of GIS software and comprehensive risk assessment at regional scale in the future work. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Flora, life form, geographical distribution and wetland indicator plants in international Anzali wetland
        mokarram ravanbakhsh
        Anzali Wetland is one of the 10 most valuable and international wetlands in the world. this wetland With an area of about 20,000 hectares is a habitat for a wide range of mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and, rodents. The study of plants species provides one of the requir More
        Anzali Wetland is one of the 10 most valuable and international wetlands in the world. this wetland With an area of about 20,000 hectares is a habitat for a wide range of mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and, rodents. The study of plants species provides one of the required criteria for distinguishing a wetland area and is used in the process of ecological demarcation of the wetland. The vegetation in the water body and it’s around was studied by 42 sampling plots and its species were identified. 180 species belonging to 124 genera and 48 families were identified. The Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae and, Caryophyllaceae were the most abundant families, respectively. Classification of plants based on biological form showed that the highest biological form was related to therophytes with 43%. After that, hemicryptophytes with 18% and, geophytes with 16% had the highest ferequency, respectively. The plants in terms of geographical distribution, mainly belong to the cosmopolitan elements. 35% of species belonged to the obligate. The facultative upland with 32%, facultative wetland with 15%, facultative with 14% and Upland with 4% consisted other wetland indicator plants, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Protection of ecosystem services in Amirkelayeh international wetland strategic management plan
        mokarram ravanbakhsh
        Wetlands are among the most important and endangered global ecosystems and provide a set of ecosystem services to society. Wetland management is an active process of supporting ecosystem services, because human activity simultaneously extracts economic and social benefi More
        Wetlands are among the most important and endangered global ecosystems and provide a set of ecosystem services to society. Wetland management is an active process of supporting ecosystem services, because human activity simultaneously extracts economic and social benefits from ecosystem services, so in order to maintain these services for a long time and sustainably, quick balance through planning and decision appropriate selection is required. In Iran, based on the 4th, 5th and 6th development plans of the country, the Environmental Protection Organization has been obliged to implement the ecological management program in cooperation with other organizations and main stakeholders. The Integrated management plan is a strategy for the integrated management of water, land and livelihood resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in a balanced manner. Integrated management plan of Amirkelayeh international wetland has been prepaired in the form of an international plan for the protection of Iran's wetlands. The method used is strategic planning system. This management plan has been prepared based on the results of educational and consultative workshops and with the participation of representatives of major local and provincial groups. In this research, the general framework of the prepaired plan, including strategic and special objectives, and priority actions to achieve the final goal and vision, has been examined. Manuscript profile