perپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-021018111articleAmir Heidarihidari-a@mashhad.ir1Mitra Mohammadimitramohammadi@gmail.com2Reza Esmailiesmaili-r@mashhad.ir3Zeinab Khoramdelzeinabkhoramdel@gmail.com4M.Sc. student in Natural Resources Engineering - Environmental Pollution, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Science, Kheradgarayn Motahar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, IranAssistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Science, Kheradgarayn Motahar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, IranDeputy of Urban Services of Mashhad Municipality, Environmental Pollutants Monitoring Center, Mashhad, IranB.SC. in Natural Resources Engineering- Environmental Pollution, Deoartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Science, Kheradgarayan Motahar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of time series regression in modeling the relationship between traffic at the Emamiyeh, Karimi, Khaghani, Chaman, and Khayyam intersections and the concentrations of CO, NO₂, SO₂, PM₂.₅, and PM₁₀ in Mashhad during 2017. For this purpose, after collecting traffic data and air pollutant concentrations, the relationships between these parameters were analyzed using the ARIMA (0,1,1) time series model. The results indicated that the use of time series regression provided a good model fit and high predictive performance for the dependent variables due to the strong correlation coefficients. The relationship between traffic and the concentrations of NO₂, SO₂, and PM₁₀ was significant at the 0.05 level in all studied stations, while for CO and PM₂.₅, the relationships were not significant only at the Khayyam and Khaghani stations, respectively. The greatest impact of traffic on CO, NO₂, and SO₂ concentrations was observed at the Emamiyeh station, such that each unit increase in traffic resulted in increases of 0.335, 0.878, and 0.487 units in these pollutants, respectively, during 2017. The highest influence on PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ levels occurred at the Chaman and Khaghani stations, where each unit increase in traffic led to increases of 0.375 and 0.385 units in the concentrations of these pollutants, respectively. Overall, the findings showed that the concentrations of all air pollutants increased with rising vehicle traffic.</span></p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/49376Air pollution Air pollutants Traffic Mashhad Metropolis Time Series Model perپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-0210181223articleSeyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei Hanzaeim.tabatabaie@sau.ac.ir1Somayeh Shafieinias.shafieinia@gmail.com2Assistant Professor, Department of Carpets and Handicrafts, University of Science and Art, YazdM.Sc. student in fabric and clothing design, Science and Art University, Yazd, Iran<table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p style="text-align: justify;">Today, demonstrating a product's environmental compatibility is a crucial factor in brand positioning and stimulating consumer purchase enthusiasm, as ecological challenges have become a global concern for policymakers and stakeholders. The fashion industry has significantly contributed to environmental issues; therefore, this study aimed to identify eco-friendly components within the fashion sector. Utilizing a deductive content analysis and a comprehensive literature review of 'sustainable fashion' both in Iran and globally, the core components and indicators were identified to develop a research questionnaire. Data were gathered from 110 apparel experts in Isfahan province. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven key industry activists to assess the feasibility of implementing sustainable fashion in Iran. The results indicated that variables related to raw materials, production processes, and product maintenance and consumption significantly influence the components of eco-friendly fashion. Furthermore, the study revealed deficiencies in the recycling and packaging cycles within Iran's fashion industry. Finally, the research identified cultural infrastructure, legal requirements, economic foundations, and technological/process engineering as the primary pillars for establishing a sustainable fashion industry within the Iranian context.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/49698Fashion industry environment clothing design clothing production processperپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-0210182431articleseyed abdollah mousavi kouparkoupar2010@gmail.com1Mahmoud Bidarlordbidar.zist@gmail.com2Assistant Professor, Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources, Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, (AREEO), Rasht, IranAssistant Professor, Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources, Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, (AREEO), Rasht, Iran<p style="text-align: justify;">Forests are the most recognized factor for maintaining the stability of natural ecosystems. They play a key role in the sustainable development of the agricultural sector, representing a significant national asset. Global warming, the increase of mono- and carbon dioxide pollutants, and destructive floods, which are considered the most common environmental abnormalities, are caused by deforestation and the continuous reduction of forest areas. The need for wood is considered the main factor in the destruction of forests. The immense demand for wood as a raw material requires a new approach to transform the perspective on forest areas for wood production. A part of this immense need can be compensated by cultivating fast-growing poplar trees as part of wood farming. Allocating low-yield forest lands within forest ecosystems adjacent to non-forest areas for wood cultivation can supply a portion of the wood raw material needs for industries and enhance self-sufficiency in wood product manufacturing. This approach reduces forest degradation for the purpose of wood harvesting and guarantees their life, survival, and sustainability. In the present study, different clones of two species&mdash;<em>Populus deltoides</em> (P. d. 69.55, P. d. 77.51) and Euro‑American poplars (P. e. 45.51, P. simonii, P. e. Triplo, P. e. I‑214)&mdash;as well as maple species (<em>Acer velutinum</em>) as a control at the Safarabad Poplar Research Station, with a planting distance of 4x4 meters, in three replications, and planted within a randomized complete block design statistical framework. These plantings were surveyed and measured from 1993 to 2006 in order to evaluate their wood production potential. The results showed that the compared clones were classified into four groups. The clone P.e.45/51 ranked in the first group, and the species <em>P. trichocarpa</em> ranked in the second group in terms of production potential. The maple species (control) was placed in the last group. Therefore, based on the obtained results, promoting the cultivation expansion of these poplar varieties in the northern regions of the country can be supported with stronger justification.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/50165Sustainable development Wood production Forest Wood farming Self-sufficiency perپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-0210182341articleAmirmansour Tehranchianm.tehranchian@umz.ac.ir1Shahryar Zarokish.zaroki@umz.ac.ir2Seyedeh Mahsa Khabbazs.khabbaz01@umail.umz.ac.ir3Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranAssociate Professor, Department of Energy Economics, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranPhD student in Economic Sciences, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran<p style="text-align: justify;">This study evaluates the impacts of non-renewable energy consumption on the ecological resilience of Iran over the period 1965- 2023, utilizing ARDL approach. The results indicated that in the long run, a coefficient of 2.763 signifies an increase in CO₂ emissions, thereby weakening ecological resilience; conversely, in the short run, a coefficient of -0.227 suggests a temporary reduction in carbon emissions and a relative improvement in resilience, an effect that will not be sustained in the absence of institutional and technological infrastructure. By integrating both short- and long-term time horizons and relying on extensive historical data, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the dynamics between fossil fuel energy consumption and environmental sustainability in Iran. Also, the findings indicated that structural dependence on non-renewable energy sources not only hinders the enhancement of resilience but also constitutes a long-term threat to ecological sustainability. Accordingly, the research findings highlight the necessity of gradually diversifying the energy portfolio by prioritizing renewable resources, the phased reform of fossil fuel subsidies along with the design of effective compensatory mechanisms for vulnerable groups, and targeted investment in clean technologies and green infrastructure. Furthermore, establishing an integrated governance framework in the energy and environmental sectors and incorporating environmental considerations into national development policies can facilitate Iran's transition to a low-carbon and resilient economy.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/50175Energy consumption Ecological resilience ARDL model Non-renewable energiesperپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-0210184253articleSayyed Mohammadreza Sedehimrsedehi@ut.ac.ir1Zahra Malekiz.mleki@chmail.ir2Fatemeh Norouzi Palanganifateme.n1369@gmail.com3Ahmadreza Rastegarrastegar_a21@chmail.ir4Mohammad Khakpourmohammadkhakpour@gmail.com5Ph.D. Student, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gonabad Higher Education Complex, Gonabad, IranM.Sc. Student, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranB.Sc. Student, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranFadak Machinery Complex, Gonabad, Iran<p style="text-align: justify;">Sustainable approaches to material recycling are crucial for reducing the environmental footprint of manufacturing processes. In this study, machining chips are utilized as a valuable resource for recycling, thereby enabling both waste reduction and the development of more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable production processes. Through this method, powder production for advanced manufacturing techniques such as Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is proposed as an efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional machining methods. In this research, a closed-loop recycling process was established using CK45 steel, where machining chips were successfully converted into powder feedstock and consolidated into bulk specimens. These specimens were subjected to hardness testing and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results demonstrate that this method not only enhances mechanical properties, including an increase of approximately 30 hardness units, but also provides measurable environmental advantages compared to traditional machining. The application of Spark Plasma Sintering facilitates the fabrication of components with advanced performance characteristics while reducing material waste and associated environmental risks. These findings provide a new perspective for critical industries, such as aerospace and automotive, where environmental impact reduction and efficiency enhancement are achieved in parallel with the advancement of sustainable technologies.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/50239Steel Recycling Machining Chips Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)perپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-0210185477articleReza Fateminiarf_shahkaram@yahoo.com1Head of Research and Technology Unit, Engineering Management, Petrochemical Industries Development Management Company<p style="text-align: justify;">Due to the global water crisis, the treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater, particularly in water-intensive industries such as petrochemicals, has become a key strategy for sustainable water resource management. In recent years, growing awareness of water scarcity and water pollution, together with environmental regulatory requirements and the high costs associated with wastewater disposal, has led to increased attention toward Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) technology. This article introduces ZLD systems and examines their applications across various processes and operations in the petrochemical industry. Furthermore, the advantages, challenges, and proposed solutions for managing existing challenges are discussed. The study also reviews process and technological development trends, market demand for ZLD systems, and their anticipated growth prospects.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/50326Petrochemical industry Wastewater treatment Technology Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systemperپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-0210187893articleabolghasem golkhandangolkhandana@gmail.com1ali rostamirostamiali@ut.ac.ir2Kosar Alibeigibanikosar.alibeigi@uc.ac.ir3PhD in Public Sector Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, IranM.Sc. Student in Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, IranM.Sc. Student in Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran<p style="text-align: justify;">Oil rents can contribute to improving environmental quality and sustainability through investment in green technologies and clean energy. Conversely, dependence on oil resources may weaken the positive impact of green technologies and clean energy on environmental quality by undermining institutional quality and good governance. Accordingly, this study investigates the effects of green management measures and policies (including green technologies and clean energy), oil rent, and their interaction on the Environmental Load Capacity Factor (LCF) in Iran, calculated as the ratio of ecosystem biocapacity (supply side) to ecological footprint (demand side), over the period 1990&ndash;2022. To this end, a novel Fourier bootstrap ARDL (F-ARDL) approach is employed. The results indicate that the long-run effects of green management measures and policies and oil rent on LCF are positive and negative, respectively, as expected. The interaction effect between green management measures and policies and oil rent on LCF is negative, suggesting that oil rent weakens the beneficial impact of green technologies and clean energy on environmental quality and thereby supports the resource curse hypothesis over the study period. Furthermore, economic growth and urbanization exert a negative and statistically significant effect on LCF, confirming the pollution halo hypothesis. Accordingly, it is recommended that appropriate policies be formulated and implemented to reduce dependence on oil revenues and allocate a portion of oil revenues to investment in suitable and environmentally friendly technologies through the establishment of green funds.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/50786Oil Rent Green Technologies Clean Energy Load Capacity Factor Interaction Effect Fourier ARDL Iran perپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-02101894108articleMojtaba Farhadzadehmojtaba.farhadzadeh@gmail.com1Heydar DavoudianDavoodian@mrzw.ir2Seyed Mohammad MousaviMousavi311@gmail.com3Raziyeh Shamshirgaranr.shamshirgaran@birjand.ac.ir4Parisa MalekiP.Maleki1368@Gmail.Com5Mazandaran Regional Water Company, Iran Water Resources Management Company, Ministry of Energy, IranMazandaran Regional Water Company, Iran Water Resources Management Company, Ministry of Energy, IranMazandaran Regional Water Company, Iran Water Resources Management Company, Ministry of Energy, IranPh.D. Student in Civil Engineering – Water Resources Engineering and Management, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranMazandaran Regional Water Company, Iran Water Resources Management Company, Ministry of Energy, Iran<p style="text-align: justify;">Environmental studies are considered key pillars of river regulation plans, especially in urban and rural areas. This paper has been prepared with the aim of quantitatively and qualitatively assessing the environmental impacts of constructing a riverbank wall on the Gorganrud River, located in the south of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province. In this study, using the standard checklist method, the environmental impacts were evaluated across three main components including physical, biological, and socio-economic-cultural environments during both the construction and operation phases. The checklists were developed based on quantitative indicators such as impact intensity, duration, spatial extent, and reversibility. In total, three types of checklists were completed. The results showed that, during the construction phase, 80% of the negative impacts are related to the physical environment, and that all of them are short-term, direct in their effects, and reversible. After the completion of the construction activities, the intensity of the negative impacts decreases significantly, and positive impacts begin to emerge. In the operational phase, positive impacts predominate in the physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural environments, such that 80%, 75%, and 66.6% of the total impacts are assessed as positive, respectively. Additionally, most of these impacts are long‑term. It is recommended that, to control negative impacts and enhance the positive effects of the project, management actions and monitoring plans with clear indicators be implemented. Accordingly, it is expected that the implementation of the Gorganrud River regulation plan will lead to quantitative and qualitative improvement of the region&rsquo;s environmental indicators.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/51016Checklist Environmental Impact Gorgrud River River Engineering Interventionsperپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-021018109122articlemokarram ravanbakhshmokarramravanbakhsh@gmail.com1Maedeh Ghorbanpourmaede.ghorbanpour@gmail.com2Arman Anarakiarman.seven10050@gmail.com3Faculty Member, Natural Environment Research Department, Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)Ph.D. in Rangeland Science and Engineering, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, MazandaranM.Sc. in Rangeland Science and Engineering, University of Tehran<p style="text-align: justify;">Erosion and sedimentation pose major challenges to water and soil resource management, exerting detrimental impacts on ecosystems. Human societal development and increased anthropogenic activities have caused land degradation and altered land use patterns, consequently intensifying erosion and sedimentation. Assessing the impact of watershed rehabilitation operations on reducing soil erosion and sediment yield is essential to evaluate their effectiveness and inform optimal implementation strategies. This study evaluated implemented watershed conservation operations and their effects on erosion and sedimentation rates in the Alanza watershed from 2016 to 2023, comparing post-implementation conditions with pre-project baselines using the empirical MPSIAC model. Results indicate that conservation and rehabilitation operations reduced the sediment delivery ratio from 114 to 101 (11.4% decrease) and lowered the specific sediment yield per unit area across the watershed from 3009 m&sup3;/year to 1587 m&sup3;/year (47% reduction) before and after implementation, respectively. Overall, findings demonstrate that integrated biological and mechanical measures in the Alanza watershed can serve as an optimal strategy for sedimentation mitigation. However, sustaining these outcomes requires full and precise execution of the regional management plan, including: optimal budget allocation for unimplemented mechanical operations in designated areas, expansion of biological interventions (e.g., reseeding and rangeland exclosure), stakeholder education and local community engagement, reduced livestock grazing pressure, and continuous monitoring of erosion-sedimentation dynamics.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/51266Anzali wetland Biological and Mechanical operations Sediment Yield Watershed Basin perپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-021018123139articleAli Malkeshia.malkeshi@yahoo.com1Gholamreza Bakhshi Khanikibakhsi@pnu.ac.ir2Younes Asriasri@rifr-ac.ir3Mohabat Nadafm_nadaf@pnu.ac.ir4Reza Omidipourr.omidipour@ilam.ac.ir5Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranBotany Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Kosar University of Bojnord, Bojnord, IranDepartment of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran<p style="text-align: justify;">A fundamental basis in applied studies across any region is the understanding and conservation of natural ecosystems. Ecological assessment of vegetation cover plays a pivotal role in natural resource management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of livestock grazing management (exclosure and grazing) on vegetation characteristics, including species diversity, functional diversity, plant composition, and indicator species, in the Bozdaghi region, Bojnord County, North Khorasan Province. To measure biodiversity, species diversity indices (Hill's index, species richness, evenness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson diversity) and functional diversity indices (single-trait and multi-trait) were employed. Plant composition between the two management systems was compared using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), and indicator species were determined using Indicator Species Analysis and the Monte Carlo test. Based on the results in the Bozdaghi region, livestock grazing significantly reduced species richness (P-value &lt; 0.05), but had no significant effect on other species diversity indices. Furthermore, livestock grazing significantly reduced plant functional diversity. According to the DCA results, grazing led to distinct vegetation compositions between the exclosure and grazed areas. Ultimately, grazing resulted in the presence of only one indicator species in the grazed area, whereas the exclosed area contained 16 indicator species. The results of this study indicated that the Bozdaghi region possesses high biodiversity, and the utilization of management tools such as grazing exclosure exerts a positive impact on increasing species and functional diversity, as well as enhancing the number of indicator species.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/51313Grazing Management Biodiversity Conservation Species Diversity Functional Diversity Bozdaghiperپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-021018140151articleAnsar Asali Talkoyiansar.asali1987@gmail.com1Hasan pourbabaeiHpourbabaei@gmail.com2Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaeimghods@guilan.ac.ir3MSc., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Guilan, IranProfessor, Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Guilan, IranAssociate Professor, Department of Forest Pathology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran<p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fire on regeneration and plant species diversity in Khorgam forest, Rudbar city. In order to collect data, systematic-random sampling method with 150&times; 150 m dimension was used. In order to collect data, 30 sample plots of an area 400 m² were surveyed. &nbsp;in the control and fire areas. In each sampling plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 7.5 cm were measured. Microplots of 4 m&sup2; were used at the center and four corners of each plot to investigate regeneration and herbaceous cover percentage. Then, the number and type of saplings were measured in three classes, height less than 1.30 m, 0-2.5 and 2.5-7.5 cm DBH. Shannon-Wiener, Margalef and Smith-Wilson biodiversity indices were used in this research. For data analysis, statistical tests of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan, and independent t-test for comparing means were used. The results showed that the number of trees in the two fire and control areas is 230.33 and 237 trees per hectare, respectively. Also, the findings indicated that there is a significant difference between the abundance of beech and hornbeam species in the two fire and control areas. There was a significant difference in the tree layer between the fire and the control areas for all three diversity indices. The results of tree regeneration showed that the mean of regeneration in the control area is higher than in the fire area, and there is a significant difference between the two areas statistically. The results of diversity and richness indices in this layer did not reveal significant differences between these indices.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/51483Forest fire Forest restoration Tree regeneration Hyrcanian forestsperپژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهیپژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست2676-30602676-30602026-021018152163articleHanieh Mirbolookih.mirbolooki@gmail.com1Ariamen Ghavidelghavidel@acecr.ac.ir2Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Rasht, IranFaculty member, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Rasht, Iran<p style="text-align: justify;">Contaminant effluent from olive oil production industry, due to high pollution load is a serious ecological challenge. The amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD) is very high in this wastewater and is very resistant to biodegradation due to phenol compounds. In the present experimental- applied work, the chemical coagulation and flocculation treatment method was used to reduce the toxicity of wastewater and then, for complementary treatment procedures and detoxification the final residues, biological treatmen was used for anaerobic and aerobic processes. the results of the laboratory studies showed that chemical method removed more than 50% of wastewater's organic and toxic load and ultimately, the COD removal rate of the effluent from the biological treatment process reached 1100 mg/L, meeting the requirements for discharge into the municipal wastewater treatment plant. Accordingly, the conducted research presents an appropriate solution for addressing the environmental challenges arising from olive processing industries.</p>http://journal.eri.acecr.ir/Article/53304Olive oil mill wastewater COD Chemical treatment Biological treatment